以色列何以成为“芯片王国”？｜How did Israel become the "Kingdom of Chips"?

本文介绍了以色列如何成为“芯片王国”,从其半导体产业的发展历程、人才优势、风险投资生态和政府支持等方面进行了分析。同时,文章也提到了当前巴以冲突对以色列半导体行业可能带来的影响。
This article discusses how Israel has become the "Kingdom of Chips", analyzing its semiconductor industry's development, talent advantages, venture capital ecosystem, and government support. The article also mentions the potential impact of the current Israeli-Palestinian conflict on Israel's semiconductor industry.

• 以色列半导体产业发展迅速,成为全球半导体行业的领先力量。
• Israel's semiconductor industry has developed rapidly, becoming a leading force in the global semiconductor industry

• 以色列拥有高素质的人才和优质的教育体系,为半导体产业提供了强大的支持。
• Israel boasts a high-quality talent pool and an excellent education system, providing robust support for the semiconductor industry.

• 以色列建立了完善的风险投资生态系统,吸引了大量投资并推动了创新发展。
• Israel has established a comprehensive venture capital ecosystem, attracting a significant amount of investment and driving innovative development

难以想象,一个面积不大,资源贫瘠到除了沙子一无所有的“弹丸小国”,在“四面楚歌”的环境中不仅活了下来,还将自己发展成了当之无愧的“芯片王国”。

而如今战火已经烧到本土,“芯片王国”的头衔面对延续百年的巴以冲突能否保住?又会对全球刚刚有复苏苗头的半导体产业带来什么样的影响?以色列半导体发展对于我们而言有哪些启示?让我们从一切的开始聊起......
Now that the flames of war have reached the homeland, can the title of "Chip Kingdom" withstand the century-long Israel-Palestine conflict? What kind of impact will it have on the global semiconductor industry that is just beginning to recover? What insights can we gain from the development of Israel's semiconductor industry? Let's start from the beginning...

一、以色列半导体的发展历程1. The development history of Israel's semiconductors

以色列半导体产业发展起步并不算早,但却几乎是发展最迅速的国家,也是全世界拥有最完整半导体产业生态链的国家之一,并在尖端设计和研发能力方面处于优势地位。纵观以色列半导体产业发展历程,我们可以将其大致分为三个阶段。
Israel's semiconductor industry did not start early, but it is one of the fastest-growing countries and one of the countries with the most complete semiconductor industry ecosystem in the world. It also holds a dominant position in cutting-edge design and research and development capabilities. Looking at the development history of Israel's semiconductor industry, we can roughly divide it into three stages.

1. 起步阶段:20世纪60年代~70年代,政策鼓励吸引资本
1. Initial stage: From the 1960s to the 1970s, policies encouraged capital attraction.

以色列半导体发展最早可以追溯到20世纪60年代,当时以色列正面临石油禁运等能源问题,政府认为可以通过重点发展半导体产业来降低能源消耗、提高效率,从而应对挑战。因此在1959年推出了《鼓励资本投资法》,鼓励资本投资、企业发展和技术创新。
The development of the semiconductor industry in Israel can be traced back to the 1960s. At that time, Israel was facing energy problems such as oil embargoes. The government believed that by focusing on the development of the semiconductor industry, they could reduce energy consumption and increase efficiency to meet these challenges. As a result, in 1959, the "Encouragement of Capital Investment Law" was introduced to encourage capital investment, business development, and technological innovation.

1964年,摩托罗拉在以色列建立首个半导体研发中心,标志着以色列芯片产业起步。1969年,以色列电子研究所和特拉维夫大学共同成立了国家半导体实验室,专注于半导体材料和元器件的研发工作。
In 1964, Motorola established the first semiconductor research and development center in Israel, marking the beginning of Israel's chip industry. In 1969, the Israel Electronics Research Institute and Tel Aviv University jointly established the National Semiconductor Laboratory, focusing on the research and development of semiconductor materials and components

1974年,英特尔在以色列建立了其在美国本土以外的第一个半导体研发中心,以色列政府随即投入大量资金在海法建立了以半导体产业为主的Matam科技园区,后续吸引了包括德州仪器、高通、英伟达等一众国际一流半导体企业在以色列布局研发中心,以色列半导体开始突飞猛进。
In 1974, Intel established its first semiconductor research and development center outside the United States in Israel. The Israeli government promptly invested a large amount of funds to establish the Matam Technology Park in Haifa, focusing on the semiconductor industry. This subsequently attracted a host of top international semiconductor companies, including Texas Instruments, Qualcomm, and Nvidia, to set up research and development centers in Israel. Thus, the Israeli semiconductor industry began to make rapid strides.

2. 市场化阶段:20世纪80年代~90年代,逐渐走向市场化
2. Marketization Stage: From the 1980s to the 1990s, it gradually moved towards marketization.

20世纪80年代初期,以色列政府开始停止对半导体产业的高额补贴,并逐渐推动市场化,发布了包括《鼓励产业研究与发展法》《投资促进法》等多项措施,为高新技术产业提供税收优惠以促进产业投资。
In the early 1980s, the Israeli government began to cease its substantial subsidies to the semiconductor industry, gradually promoting marketization. It introduced a series of measures, including the "Encouragement of Industrial Research and Development Act" and the "Investment Promotion Act", providing tax incentives for high-tech industries to stimulate industrial investment.

在这些政策的保障下,以色列首席科学家办公室开展了一系列资助、孵化项目,例如“中资计划”“孵化器计划”等,此后经济迅速腾飞,各种半导体研发初创企业迅猛发展。
Under the protection of these policies, the Office of the Chief Scientist in Israel launched a series of funding and incubation projects, such as the "Chinese Capital Plan" and the "Incubator Plan". Subsequently, the economy took off rapidly, and various semiconductor research and development startups flourished

部分以色列政府资助计划,资料来自《以色列半导体产业发展战略及对中国的启示》

1984年以色列政府修订了《工业研发鼓励法》,规定政府可以以企业日后专利权使用费为交换来资助研发,这在事实上分担了初创企业技术开发的风险,也吸引了外国投资者参与工业研发,推动了企业在半导体研发领域的投资和国际资本的参与。

1985年,以色列成立了第一家风险投资基金Athena,政府开始渐渐退居幕后,由私人资本推动风险投资发展。90年代,以色列推出了Yozma风险投资计划,利用公共资源吸引私人投资,以色列渐渐成为全球半导体研发中心。与此同时,科技初创公司蓬勃发展,给以色列赢得了全球第二大科技中心的声誉,整体生态系统不断发展。
In 1985, Israel established its first venture capital fund, Athena, with the government gradually stepping back and private capital driving the development of venture investment. In the 90s, Israel launched the Yozma venture capital program, leveraging public resources to attract private investment, and Israel gradually became a global center for semiconductor research and development. At the same time, the burgeoning development of tech startups earned Israel the reputation of being the second largest tech hub in the world, with its overall ecosystem continuously evolving.

3. 全球化发展阶段:21世纪初至今,形成完整良性生态
3. Globalization development stage: From the beginning of the 21st century to the present, a complete and healthy ecosystem has been formed.

进入21世纪以来,以色列半导体创造了一种在市场需求主导下,由政府、企业、高校、研发机构共同组建,通过财政补助和风险投资组合的模式,使以色列半导体产业迅速崛起,在全球芯片市场占据了重要地位,在一些关键的半导体技术领域取得了突破性的创新,成为半导体行业的领先力量。大量以色列企业被知名半导体收购,而这些资金又被用于继续投资高新科技行业,继续研发新的技术,形成了一整套良性循环。
Since the dawn of the 21st century, the Israeli semiconductor industry has pioneered a model driven by market demand. This model, jointly established by the government, businesses, universities, and research institutions, leverages fiscal subsidies and venture capital investments to rapidly elevate the Israeli semiconductor industry. As a result, Israel has secured a significant position in the global chip market and achieved breakthrough innovations in some key semiconductor technology areas, becoming a leading force in the semiconductor industry. Numerous Israeli companies have been acquired by renowned semiconductor firms, and these funds have been reinvested into the high-tech industry for further technological development, creating a virtuous cycle.

部分被收购的以色列科技公司汇总A summary of the acquired Israeli tech companies follows

根据以色列风险投资研究中心数据,截至2018年1月,以色列共有163家芯片公司,35个研发中心,处于初始收入期公司67家,芯片设计公司30家,半导体器械设备公司20家,光学通信10家,晶圆厂8家。英特尔、高通、三星、博通......几乎所有全球领先的国际半导体公司都选择在这里安营扎寨。
According to data from the Israel Venture Capital Research Center, as of January 2018, Israel had a total of 163 chip companies, 35 research and development centers, 67 companies in the initial revenue stage, 30 chip design companies, 20 semiconductor equipment companies, 10 optical communications companies, and 8 wafer factories. Intel, Qualcomm, Samsung, Broadcom... almost all leading international semiconductor companies have chosen to establish a presence here.

2019 年,以色列半导体产业的投资额达到了 66 亿美元,达到了历史最高纪录。2022年,以色列已有超过 600 家半导体公司,其中大多数为创业公司和研发实验室,以及 50 多家涉及制造和封装的大型公司。
In 2019, the investment in Israel's semiconductor industry reached a record high of $6.6 billion. By 2022, Israel had over 600 semiconductor companies, most of which were startups and research and development labs, as well as more than 50 large companies involved in manufacturing and packaging

包括半导体在内的高新科技行业成为了以色列增长最快的行业,也成为了其经济增长的关键,占国内生产总值的比例达到五分之一,就业人数占比达到14%。如果延续其创新发展范式,以色列半导体产业的出口收入预计在 2025 年将达到 120亿美元。
The high-tech industry, including semiconductors, has become the fastest-growing sector in Israel, playing a crucial role in its economic growth. It accounts for one-fifth of the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP), with its employment rate reaching 14%. If Israel continues its innovative development paradigm, the export revenue of its semiconductor industry is projected to reach $12 billion by 2025

说到犹太民族,聪明富有已经几乎成为了刻板印象,这个人口占比仅有0.2%的民族取得了20%以上的诺贝尔奖,以犹太民族为主体的以色列也拥有非常高的受教育程度,全国77%的人接受过12年以上的教育,20%的人口具有大学学历,每万人中有135名科学家和工程师,比例居世界第一。
When it comes to the Jewish people, intelligence and wealth have almost become stereotypical traits. This ethnic group, which makes up only 0.2% of the world's population, has won over 20% of Nobel Prizes. Israel, primarily composed of Jewish people, also boasts a high level of education. Nationwide, 77% of the population has received more than 12 years of education, 20% hold university degrees, and there are 135 scientists and engineers per 10,000 people, the highest ratio in the world.

以色列耶路撒冷希伯来大学、以色列理工学院、特拉维夫大学、本古里安大学都是在国际上拥有竞争力的大学。不同于很多发达国家出现人口出生率低甚至负增长的通病,以色列从建国至今一直保持着一个非常好的人口增长趋势以及人口结构。“股神”沃伦·巴菲特也曾说过:“如果你到中东寻找石油,无需在以色列停留,但若你找的是人才、活力和智慧,那么以色列是唯一一站”。
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, the Israel Institute of Technology, Tel Aviv University, and Ben-Gurion University in Israel are all internationally competitive universities. Unlike many developed countries that are experiencing low or even negative birth rates, Israel has maintained a very good population growth trend and structure since its founding. "Oracle of Omaha" Warren Buffett once said, "If you're looking for oil in the Middle East, there's no need to stop in Israel, but if you're looking for talent, vitality, and wisdom, then Israel is the only stop."

2022年,以色列创新局推出了“HaSadna”计划,将半导体设计与开发、人工智能等相关企业联合起来,为工程师提供专业培训,并创建适合中小型企业的新型协作培训模式,围绕半导体技术知识领域创建网络和社区,为半导体产业创造领先人才储备。
In 2022, the Israel Innovation Authority launched the "HaSadna" program, which brings together semiconductor design and development, artificial intelligence, and other related enterprises. It provides professional training for engineers and creates a new collaborative training model suitable for small and medium-sized enterprises. It also establishes networks and communities around the field of semiconductor technology knowledge, creating a leading talent pool for the semiconductor industry

除了这些本土人口教育措施以外,以色列也在积极吸引国外高端人才。事实上,以色列建国初期,大量高受教育程度的犹太移民就组成了本国科技发展的基础,为以色列科技产业发展作出了重大的贡献,而这一措施到今天仍在继续,以色列B-1签证计划、高科技人力资本基金计划等措施提高了以色列在半导体等科技领域的技术人才储备。
In addition to these domestic educational initiatives, Israel is also actively attracting high-end talent from abroad. In fact, in the early days of Israel's founding, a large number of highly educated Jewish immigrants formed the foundation of the country's technological development, making significant contributions to the development of Israel's technology industry. This approach continues to this day, with measures such as the Israeli B-1 visa program and the high-tech human capital fund program enhancing Israel's technical talent reserves in areas such as semiconductors.

三、不只是有钱Thirdly, it's not just about having money

事实上,无论哪个行业,想要做大做强总是离不开资金这一重要因素,而半导体作为一个需要持续烧钱的行业更是如此,但与此同时,这又是一个高风险高回报的行业,常常出现砸了很多钱也没有成果的结果。
In fact, no matter the industry, the aspiration to grow and strengthen is always inseparable from the crucial factor of capital. This is especially true for the semiconductor industry, which requires continuous investment. However, at the same time, it's a high-risk, high-reward industry where substantial investments often yield no results.

这种情况下,风险投资的角色就非常重要了,要知道,美国著名的硅谷就是成功的一个重要因素就在于成熟的风险投资生态体系,使得创业公司的容错率大大提高,为初创公司提供了良好的庇护。
In such scenarios, the role of venture capital becomes extremely important. It's worth noting that a key factor in the success of America's renowned Silicon Valley is its mature venture capital ecosystem. This system significantly increases the tolerance for error in start-ups, providing a strong safety net for these fledgling companies

而以色列的特拉维夫作为创投聚集地,其科技deal flow活跃度极高,仅次于硅谷,因此也有“第二硅谷”之称。有报告指出整个工业4.0领域的全球VC投资当中,有11%进入了以色列公司。2021年,以色列风险投资额达到了108亿美元,人均风险资本是美国的28倍之多,2022年以色列风险投资额虽有下降也高达到81亿美元。
Tel Aviv in Israel, as a hub for venture capital, boasts an extremely high level of activity in tech deal flow, second only to Silicon Valley, hence its nickname "the second Silicon Valley". Reports indicate that 11% of global VC investments in the entire Industry 4.0 sector have gone to Israeli companies. In 2021, venture capital investment in Israel reached $10.8 billion, 28 times the per capita venture capital of the United States. In 2022, despite a decline, Israeli venture capital investment still reached a high of $8.1 billion.

不仅如此,以色列政府还一直致力于建设完善透明的投资法规,建立灵活的投资机制,使投资者可以多元化回收投资。在税收方面,以色列政府也推出了“天使法”来为年轻公司的私人投资者提供税收优惠,特别是针对那些拥有研发能力的公司,企业税率从1985年的61%到2022年已经降到了23%。
Not only that, the Israeli government has been committed to establishing comprehensive and transparent investment regulations and setting up flexible investment mechanisms, allowing investors to diversify their investment returns. In terms of taxation, the Israeli government has also introduced the "Angel Law" to provide tax incentives for private investors in young companies, especially those with research and development capabilities. The corporate tax rate has dropped from 61% in 1985 to 23% in 2022.

2022年半导体研发支出GDP占比领先的国家,资料来自《以色列半导体产业发展战略及对中国的启示》
The country leading in the proportion of GDP spent on semiconductor research and development in 2022, according to the data from "The Development Strategy of the Israeli Semiconductor Industry and its Implications for China"

我们前面提到过,以色列半导体创造了一种在市场需求主导下,由政府、企业、高校、研发机构共同组建,通过财政补助和风险投资组合的模式,而资金只是其中一环,为了在半导体等创新领域取得技术突破,以色列还采取了一系列措施。
As we mentioned earlier, Israel's semiconductor industry has created a model driven by market demand, jointly established by the government, enterprises, universities, and research and development institutions, through fiscal subsidies and venture capital portfolios. However, funding is just one aspect of this model. In order to achieve technological breakthroughs in semiconductors and other innovative fields, Israel has also taken a series of measures.

首先,以大学实验室为核心,使企业围绕实验室工作,这样做的好处是能够将不同的学术团队和工程师团队联系起来。一方面通过不断变化的学生和专家团队带来新的想法,另一方面通过经验丰富的工程师弥补想法和实际实施的差距,使学术界与工业界建立合作。
Firstly, they have made university laboratories the core, allowing businesses to work around these labs. The advantage of this approach is that it can connect different academic teams and engineering teams. On one hand, it brings new ideas through constantly changing student and expert teams. On the other hand, it bridges the gap between ideas and practical implementation through experienced engineers, establishing cooperation between academia and industry

与此同时,政府还会提供资金以及培训计划,帮助芯片攻关培养高素质人才。最后,在攻坚某些关键技术问题时,政府还会组建多个不同技术的攻关团队,从多种路径解决关键问题,使得以色列半导体行业能够取得更多技术突破。使得以色列更容易在一些关键的半导体技术领域取得了突破性的创新,成为半导体行业的领先力量。
Meanwhile, the government will also provide funding and training programs to help tackle the challenges in chip development and cultivate high-quality talent. Lastly, when addressing certain key technical issues, the government will form multiple task forces with different technical expertise to solve critical problems from various angles, enabling more technological breakthroughs in Israel's semiconductor industry. This has made it easier for Israel to achieve groundbreaking innovations in some key semiconductor technology areas, becoming a leading force in the semiconductor industry

而以色列企业的运营模式通常是:初创企业在某一技术领域取得突破后,被半导体巨头收购,企业获得资金,然后进入下一轮创业。技术优势成为了以色列初创企业的一大卖点,使得以色列初创半导体公司更加注重技术的开发和突破,而不是通过商业和运营拓展企业的市场和影响力。
The typical operating model for Israeli companies is as follows: once a startup achieves a breakthrough in a certain technological field, it is acquired by a semiconductor giant. The company receives funding and then enters the next round of entrepreneurship. The technological advantage has become a major selling point for Israeli startups, making Israeli semiconductor startups focus more on technological development and breakthroughs, rather than expanding the company's market and influence through business and operations.

以色列半导体产业创新生态示意图,图片来自《以色列半导体产业发展战略及对中国的启示》
This is illustrated in the schematic diagram of the innovative ecosystem of the Israeli semiconductor industry, the image is from "The Development Strategy of the Israeli Semiconductor Industry and its Implications for China"

四、如果局势继续恶化,波及半导体行业或不可避免IV. If the situation continues to deteriorate, the semiconductor industry may inevitably be affected

自10月7日巴以新一轮冲突爆发,势必造成部分优秀人才参战、外出避难,影响一些公司的正常运营,使得整体行业发展受到一定影响。开战之后双方死亡人数不断攀升,大量平民被作为预备役应征入伍,虽然目前战事发展仍不明朗,但无论如何,战争对于人才、教育的影响不可避免。
Since the outbreak of the latest round of conflict between Palestine and Israel on October 7, it is inevitable that some outstanding talents will join the war or seek refuge, affecting the normal operation of some companies and having a certain impact on the overall development of the industry. Since the start of the war, the death toll on both sides has been steadily rising, with a large number of civilians being conscripted as reserves. Although the development of the war is still unclear, the impact of war on talent and education is inevitable, regardless

不仅如此,虽然半导体产业集中在远离前线的城市,并且有先进的“铁穹”等防御系统保护,但目前来看,一些哈马斯发射的火箭弹已经打到了有着“创新之都”之称的特拉维夫,为了确保员工安全,部分科技巨头的以色列分公司已经开启在家办公状态。
Not only that, although the semiconductor industry is concentrated in cities far from the front lines and protected by advanced defense systems like the "Iron Dome", it appears that some rockets launched by Hamas have reached Tel Aviv, known as the "City of Innovation". To ensure the safety of their employees, some tech giants' Israeli branches have already switched to working from home.

据媒体报道,位于特拉维夫的三星以色列研发中心由于距边境仅有100公里已经转为在家办公,并启用总部与以色列之间的应急通信网络,LG电子也表示正在定期检查以色列分公司员工安全并密切关注事态发展。
According to media reports, Samsung's Israeli R&D center in Tel Aviv, which is only 100 kilometers from the border, has already transitioned to remote work and activated an emergency communication network between the headquarters and Israel. LG Electronics also stated that it is regularly checking on the safety of its employees in its Israeli branch and closely monitoring the situation

一些重要活动也已经受到影响,英伟达公司就出于安全的考虑,取消了原定于10月15日至16日在特拉维夫举行的年度AI峰会的线下会议,其发言人8日对媒体表示“正在密切关注以色列局势,并采取措施保护与支持我们的员工”,但未具体透露英伟达的芯片生产是否会受到巴以冲突局势的影响。
Several important events have also been affected. For safety reasons, Nvidia Corporation has cancelled the offline meeting of the annual AI Summit scheduled to be held in Tel Aviv from October 15th to 16th. On the 8th, its spokesperson told the media that they are "closely monitoring the situation in Israel and taking measures to protect and support our employees," but did not specifically disclose whether Nvidia's chip production would be affected by the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

与以色列大量的芯片设计公司相比,高塔半导体、英特尔当地晶圆厂受到巴以冲突可能的影响更受关注。据了解,目前在以色列境内主要有四座晶圆厂正在运作,其中两座属于英特尔,两座属于高塔半导体。
Compared to the numerous chip design companies in Israel, Tower Semiconductors and Intel's local wafer factories are receiving more attention due to the potential impact of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. It is understood that there are currently four main wafer factories operating in Israel, two of which belong to Intel and two to Tower Semiconductors

英特尔作为以色列最大的民间雇主企业和最大的出口商,在以色列还设有三座研发中心,雇员超过一万名,直接及间接带动就业5万多人,平均1000个人里就有6个与英特尔有着直接或间接的关系。2022年的数据显示,英特尔在以色列的出口额创纪录地达到了87亿美元,成为了仅次于美国、中国和欧洲的全球第四大出口市场。
As the largest private employer and exporter in Israel, Intel has three research and development centers in the country, employing over 10,000 people and indirectly generating employment for more than 50,000 individuals. On average, out of every 1,000 people, six have a direct or indirect relationship with Intel. Data from 2022 shows that Intel's exports in Israel reached a record $8.7 billion, making it the fourth largest export market globally, following the United States, China, and Europe.

与此同时,这一数字也占据了以色列GDP的1.75%和所有高科技出口的5.5%,因此有人如此评价:“英特尔就是以色列,以色列就是英特尔。”甚至还有英特尔之于以色列,就仿佛台积电之于中国台湾省的观点,可见以色列对于英特尔的重要性和影响力。
At the same time, this figure accounts for 1.75% of Israel's GDP and 5.5% of all high-tech exports. Hence, some people comment, "Intel is Israel, and Israel is Intel." There's even a viewpoint that Intel's relationship with Israel is akin to Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company's (TSMC) relationship with Taiwan, China, highlighting the significance and influence of Intel in Israel.

今年6月,英特尔被曝还将再次豪掷250亿美元在以色列南部城市兴建工厂,预计将在2027年落成投产,并将成为以色列历史上规模最大的一笔国际投资,预计未来在以色列将会有6座属于英特尔的半导体制造厂。
In June this year, Intel was revealed to be investing another $25 billion to build a factory in a southern Israeli city, which is expected to be completed and put into operation in 2027. This will be the largest international investment in Israel's history, with an anticipated six Intel-owned semiconductor manufacturing plants in Israel in the future.

而近年来消费电子市场持续低迷,使得半导体行业持续下行。英特尔也从去年以来就出现了非常惨淡的成绩,整个2022年全年营收较2021年下跌20%,交出了20多年来最糟糕的一份年报,今年呈现出艰难复苏的态势。
However, the persistent downturn in the consumer electronics market in recent years has led to a continuous decline in the semiconductor industry. Intel has also been experiencing dismal performance since last year, with its annual revenue for the whole of 2022 falling 20% compared to 2021, turning in its worst annual report in over 20 years. This year, it is showing signs of a difficult recovery

巴以冲突爆发后,公司发言人表示“密切关注以色列局势,并采取措施保护和支持我们的员工。”以英特尔在以色列的业务规模之大,如果巴以局势持续恶化,英特尔未来几年的发展必然受到影响,无疑会让目前本就愈发恶劣的半导体发展大环境雪上加霜。
Following the outbreak of the Israel-Palestine conflict, a company spokesperson stated, "We are closely monitoring the situation in Israel and taking measures to protect and support our employees." Given the scale of Intel's operations in Israel, if the Israel-Palestine situation continues to deteriorate, it will inevitably impact Intel's development in the coming years, undoubtedly exacerbating the already worsening global semiconductor environment.

另一家高塔半导体同样不容乐观,作为目前全球第7大晶圆代工厂,在以色列的两座晶圆厂主要以成熟制程为主,高塔主要提供用于汽车和消费行业的模拟和混合信号半导体,财报显示,高塔半导体第二季度的收入为3.57亿美元,同比下滑16.2%,净利润为5100万美元,同比下滑12.07%。
The outlook for Tower Semiconductor is also not optimistic. As the world's seventh-largest wafer foundry, its two wafer factories in Israel mainly focus on mature processes. Tower primarily provides analog and mixed-signal semiconductors for the automotive and consumer industries. Financial reports show that Tower Semiconductor's revenue for the second quarter was $357 million, a year-on-year decrease of 16.2%, with a net profit of $51 million, a year-on-year decrease of 12.07%.

目前该公司表示晶圆厂仍在正常运作,但是如果巴以冲突中长期化或者扩大化,高塔半导体以色列晶圆厂的客户为了安全生产考虑很可能会提前做好备案,将订单转至其他晶圆厂,使原本就存在经营压力的以色列晶圆厂陷入更大的生存困境。
At present, the company has stated that the wafer factory is still operating normally. However, if the Israel-Palestine conflict becomes protracted or escalates, customers of Tower Semiconductor's Israeli wafer factory may likely make early preparations for the sake of secure production, transferring their orders to other wafer factories. This could plunge the already pressured Israeli wafer factory into an even greater survival predicament

不过,从过去的发展经历而言,以色列半导体行业体现出了很强的韧性,“在历史上一直都能从地缘政治悲剧中恢复过来”。从动荡的90年代至今,特拉维夫遭遇过多次暴力袭击,每次都会出现经济的严重衰退然而每次都很快复苏,继续吸引人才并成为经济和文化中心,相信以色列半导体终会渡过难关。
However, judging from past experiences, the Israeli semiconductor industry has demonstrated remarkable resilience, "historically always able to recover from geopolitical tragedies." From the turbulent 90s to the present, Tel Aviv has suffered numerous violent attacks, each leading to severe economic downturns. Yet, each time, it has quickly rebounded, continuing to attract talent and serve as an economic and cultural hub. It is believed that the Israeli semiconductor industry will eventually overcome these challenges

显然,以色列的半导体“神话”的背后并不是上帝的诺言,而是千千万万个“摩西”与他们的后代们不断努力的结果。也许这片土地上不像神话中所说的处处流着奶和蜜,但在遍布沙漠的中东夹缝中,以色列人凭借创新、资本、教育等策略,弥补了自然环境带来的劣势与先天不足,短时间内就跻身世界半导体行业瞩目之地。
Clearly, the "myth" of Israel's semiconductor industry is not the result of a divine promise, but rather the outcome of the relentless efforts of countless "Moses" and their descendants. Perhaps this land does not flow with milk and honey as the myth suggests, but amidst the deserts of the Middle East, Israelis have compensated for their natural disadvantages and inherent deficiencies through innovation, capital, and education. In a short span of time, they have managed to position themselves as a focal point in the global semiconductor industry

如今巴以冲突战火再起,双方伤亡人数仍在攀升,且大有愈演愈烈之势,人道主义危机不断重演,不仅造成了双方的巨大损失和痛苦,也对整个地区乃至世界的安全和稳定构成了威胁,不断提醒我们:战争从未远离,和平是一切繁荣和发展的基础。希望此次巴以冲突能早日平息,减少对生命财产以及半导体行业带来的影响。
The conflict between Palestine and Israel has flared up again, with the number of casualties on both sides continuing to rise, and the situation is escalating. The humanitarian crisis is being replayed over and over again, causing not only massive losses and pain for both sides, but also posing a threat to the security and stability of the entire region and even the world. It constantly reminds us that war is never far away, and peace is the foundation of all prosperity and development. We hope that the conflict between Palestine and Israel can be quelled as soon as possible, minimizing the impact on life, property, and the semiconductor industry.

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