📚 Michael's Highlights

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In reasoning about bias and fairness is is critically important to involve those who might be directly impacted by AI system in the process of designing, curating, testing these systems, and especially in the ‘deconstruction’ of language based data.

Data, Power and Bias in Artificial Intelligence

Susan Leavy, Barry O’Sullivan, Eugenia Siapera

Given that AI can always be built to be explainable, and that only humans can be held to account, assertions that AI itself should be trustworthy, accountable, or responsible are completely misguided.

The Oxford Handbook of Ethics of AI

Markus D. Dubber, Frank Pasquale, and Sunit Das

First, there is the __‘embodiment relation’__, schematically indicated as *(human—technology) → world*. In this relation, technologies are extensions of the body, as it were. Humans experience the world ‘through’ the technologies here, as when wearing glasses, or using hearing aids. A relation with the world is also possible from the __‘hermeneutic relation’__, though, schematically indicated as *human → (technology—world)*. Some technologies give us access to the world by giving a representation of it, that requires human interpretation in order to be meaningful—hence the name ‘hermeneutic’—like a thermometer that gives a number rather than a sensation of temperature, or a sonogram that gives a visual representation of an unborn child on the basis of reflected ultrasonic soundwaves. A third relation is the so-called __‘alterity relation’__, schematically indicated as *human → technology (world)*. In this relation there is a direct interaction between humans and technologies, like when someone operates a copying machine, or repairs a car. The fourth and last relation Ihde distinguishes is the __background relation__, indicated as *human (technology/world)*. From this relation, technologies have an impact on our relation with the world, without being explicitly experienced themselves. An air conditioning that automatically switches on and off, for instance, creates a context for the experience of human beings by producing noise or creating a specific temperature of the room.

The Onlife Manifesto

Luciano Floridi, editor

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