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They recommended that we spend time imagining that we have lost the things we value—that our wife has left us, our car was stolen, or we lost our job.

A Guide to the Good Life The Ancient Art of Stoic

William Irvine

Bayesian philosophers see the conditional relationship as more basic than that of joint events - that is, more compatible with the organization of human knowledge. In this view, B serves as a pointer to a context or frame of knowledge, and A I B stands for an event A in the context specified by B (e.g. , a symptom A in the context of a disease B).Consequently, empirical knowledge invariably will be encoded in conditional probability statements, whereas belief in joint events (if it is ever needed) will be computed from those statements via the product peA, B) = peA I B) P(B), (1.9) which is equivalent to (1.8).

Judea Pearl - Causality_ Models, Reasoning, and Inference-Cambridge University Press

2000

In quantum mechanics, the Hamiltonian of a system is an operator corresponding to the total energy of that system, including both kinetic energy and potential energy. Its spectrum, the system's energy spectrum or its set of energy eigenvalues, is the set of possible outcomes obtainable from a measurement of the system's total energy. Due to its close relation to the energy spectrum and time-evolution of a system, it is of fundamental importance in most formulations of quantum theory.

Hamiltonian (Quantum Mechanics) - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

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