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To ask “What ought I to do?” as a philosophical question is to assume that there could be some authoritative answer to that question. If, however, one understands the nature of human action and its place in the world, one will see that there is no such appropriate answer that combines authority with determinateness.
Outside Ethics
Geuss, Raymond.
As Gallagher summarizes: “Who you are, what you think, feel, and do, what you love—is the sum of what you focus on.” In Rapt, Gallagher surveys the research supporting this understanding of the mind. She cites, for example, the University of North Carolina psychologist Barbara Fredrickson: a researcher who specializes in the cognitive appraisal of emotions. After a bad or disrupting occurrence in your life, Fredrickson’s research shows, what you choose to focus on exerts significant leverage on your attitude going forward.
I argue that India’s economic elites not only generously endowed training institutions on which India’s future technological development could be built; but also contributed to the development of scientific research capabilities in the country. The giftmaking was impelled, I further argue, primarily by the perceived need to overcome the historical deficiencies—institutionally and intellectually—of modern science and technology in the country.
Philanthropy and the Development of Modern India
Arun Kumar
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