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movements can align not only because they can benefit from one another's victories since they share a common enemy, but because they recognize that they themselves are essentially different facets of one still larger movement all of whose parts must relate positively to one another if the whole and any of the parts will succeed--not only in defeating a shared enemy, but in gaining interdependent aims and creating a new liberatory society. This is principled and holist.
Liberating Theory
Michael Albert, Holly Sklar
Baumol explained rising service sector employment by pointing out that service occupations typically see much lower rates of productivity growth than the industrial sector. Services generally do not exhibit dynamic patterns of expansion, with output growing faster than productivity, which in turns grows faster than employment (as was the case in manufacturing before 1973). Instead, most output growth in services is generated by expanding employment (Figures 4.3 and 4.4). Echoing at a distance Marx’s concept of the “stagnant” relative surplus population, Baumol argues that services come to form a relatively “stagnant” economic sector. There is a clear link between the global expansion of this stagnant economic sector and the ever-worsening stagnation of the world economy.
Automation and the Future of Work
Aaron Benanav
Manifest values are the values that an agent takes themselves to adhere to — e.g., someone who values gender equality in the sense that they take themselves to be driven to achieve it both in the future and in their relations with other people in the present. Operative values, however, are the values that an agent is actually driven by.
Prefigurative Politics
Paul Raekstad and Sofia Saio Gradin
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