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...when we consider the aid budget in its broader context, we should look not only at outward flows but also at the losses and costs that developing countries have suffered as a result of policies devised by rich countries. For instance, __when structural adjustment was imposed on the global South during the 1980s and 1990s, they lost around $480 billion each year in potential GDP. That’s nearly four times the size of today’s annual aid budget.__
It is remarkable just what a terrible metaphor the "mind-as-computer" actually is. For one, computers have no emotion. All computers work in the same way and process information in an identical manner. Give two computers the same input and you should expect to get the same output. Computers are not creative; they do what they are programed to do. They do not build knowledge, but merely process the knowledge put into them. Computers are not active, but passive. Computers are not internally complex. Even if they contain "parallel processors" they are still best characterized in terms of a single central processing unit. __This assumption of unidimensionality is why the IQ and other reductive standardized tests fit so well with the mind-as-computer metaphor: IQ is just a measure of the size and strength of your central processing unit.__ And so it goes, as oversimplification is piled upon oversimplification, until a conception of the mind emerges that plays directly into one-size-fits-all ideas about education and pedagogy.
Education in a Time Between Worlds
Zachary Stein
we may adopt the following starting points offered (from a virtue-ethics perspective) in work co-authored by Justin Oakley and Dean Cocking: (1) ‘good professional roles must be part of a good profession’; (2) a good profession is ‘one which involves a commitment to a key human good’; (3) ‘professional integrity’ can be a valid reason for professionals to refuse a patient’s or client’s request; (4) such ‘professional integrity’ involves a duty to the public, and contrasts with conscientious refusal on the basis of private conscience.
A New Professional Ethics for Sustainable Prosperity
Melissa Lane
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