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The emergence of the landless working class added a final piece to the great transformation of England’s economy: they became the world’s first mass consumer population, for they depended on markets for even the most basic goods necessary for survival: clothes, food, housing, and so on. It was these three forces – enclosure, mass displacement of peasants and the creation of a consumer market – that provided the internal conditions for the Industrial Revolution. The external conditions, as we have seen, had to do with the colonisation of the Americas and the slave trade.
In neoclassical economics, market exchange is presented as ‘the central organizing principle of capitalist society’, as Anwar Shaikh puts it. In some variants of modern economics, most notably in the work of Gary Becker, the voluntary exchange of goods between rational and utility-maximising agents on the market is elevated into a prism through which all social phenomena can be understood.
Mute Compulsion
Søren Mau
One good way to find out the other person or party’s perceptions is to ask questions. In a negotiation, questions are far more powerful than statements.
Getting More
Diamond, Stuart
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