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For example, in his 1950 paper, Computing Machinery and Intelligence, Alan Turing posed the question, “Can machines think?” The dominant insights in psychology in the early 1900s, prior to the establishment of Behaviorism in 1913 by John Watson, came from William James: the stream of consciousness. Turing was, in a sense, asking whether it made sense to apply the same concept to computers. He called his proposed method for answering this question the imitation game; we know it as the Turing Test.

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A new set of technologies that promised liberation from censors and gatekeepers is instead producing a tragedy of the mind, by putting a small number of oligarchs, bureaucrats, and ideologues in charge of what and how we read. Together, the new censors and their robots are on the verge of achieving a constriction of human inner space on a scale that Pope Clement, John Calvin, and other fanatics of their age could only dream of.

The Chained Reader

David Samuels

There is a kind of toxic indifference that seems to have spread through Western societies. Life itself is treated with a kind of shrugging fatalism — especially those of the vulnerable. It is literally valued less than a night out at the pub by much of society. The attitude of toxic indifference is what the West seems to share in common now, and that is why it has been brought to its knees by Covid.

How the West Got Covid So Wrong

umair haque

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