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Amos found that notion absurd. The mind was more like a coping mechanism than it was a perfectly designed tool. “The brain appears to be programmed, loosely speaking, to provide as much certainty as it can,” he once said, in a talk to a group of Wall Street executives. “It is apparently designed to make the best possible case for a given interpretation rather than to represent all the uncertainty about a given situation.” The mind, when it dealt with uncertain situations, was like a Swiss Army knife. It was a good enough tool for most jobs required of it, but not exactly suited to anything—and certainly not fully “evolved.” “Listen to evolutionary psychologists long enough,” Amos said, “and you’ll stop believing in evolution.”

The Undoing Project

Michael Lewis

For a long time, that’s how we functioned. There wasn’t chaos. There wasn’t resentment. There weren’t decisions that were made in the moment. Rather, our motto was “this is our long-term strategy, this is what we believe in,” and patience was rewarded. The audience was sending us really positive signals. We believed they deserved something in return. At the height of the Must See era, NBC was generating over $1 billion in annual profit for GE. During my last three seasons NBC sold an industry record $6.5 billion in prime-time advertising, $2 billion more than our closest competitor. On Thursday night in the 1997–98 season we beat our combined competition by margins of 60 percent (Nielsen Media Research). This was the essence of being at the top of the Rock. We had climbed a mountain and delivered award-winning high-quality entertainment that America embraced and our competition coveted. A generation of television watchers were weaned on Must See TV, including my two most passionate fans, my kids. The network was valued in the recent Comcast deal at $0 and was estimated to run at a $600 million annual loss. The reversal has been remarkable.

Top of the Rock

Warren Littlefield

Third, in the majority of studies that show HIIT to be efficacious, without high-injury dropout rates, HIIT is incorporated in small and potent doses spread sparingly throughout the week—in contrast to the frequent, often daily CrossFit-style intense intervals combined with heavy weight training. For example, at the 2010 USA Triathlon Art and Science of Triathlon Coaching Symposium, an HIIT researcher named Stephen McGregor introduced an HIIT training routine that research has shown to lead to incredible increases in power output, peak power, and VO2 max. It goes like this: Start with four thirty-second max sprints, with two to four minutes of rest after each sprint, just three times a week. Gradually increase to ten thirty-second max sprints with two-and-a-half minutes of rest, just three times a week. Do this for seven weeks, for a total of six-and-a-half to fifteen minutes of actual HIIT a week. But instead of this minimalist, high-quality approach, many people incorporating HIIT into their training (including CrossFitters) are easily doing twice that volume —not just in a week, but in a single day!

Beyond Training

Ben Greenfield

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