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AT FIRST GLANCE, cortisol and insulin appear to have opposite effects. Insulin is a storage hormone. Under high insulin levels (mealtimes), the body stores energy in the form of glycogen and fat. Cortisol, however, prepares the body for action, moving energy out of stores and into readily available forms, such as glucose. That cortisol and insulin would have similar weight-gain effects seems remarkable—but they do. With short-term physical stress, insulin and cortisol play opposite roles. Something quite different happens, though, when we’re under longterm psychological stress. In our modern-day lives, we have many chronic, nonphysical stressors that increase our cortisol levels. For example, marital issues, problems at work, arguments with children and sleep deprivation are all serious stressors, but they do not result in the vigorous physical exertion needed to burn off the blood glucose. Under conditions of chronic stress, glucose levels remain high and there is no resolution to the stressor. Our blood glucose can remain elevated for months, triggering the release of insulin. Chronically elevated cortisol leads to increased insulin levels—as demonstrated by several studies.
The Obesity Code
Jason Fung and Timothy Noakes
Be honest: When it comes to eating and drinking, what are you willing to give up to get where you want to be?
Jump Attack
Tim S. Grover
The report then emphasized the single most distinctive characteristic of a thermonuclear as opposed to a fission weapon: that if it could be built—if a runaway thermonuclear reaction could be initiated in deuterium—it would have essentially unlimited explosive potential. “This is because one can continue to add deuterium . . . to make larger and larger explosions. . . . ” This characteristic distinguished it sharply from even such horrific weapons as atomic bombs.
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